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功能性假肢接受腔需要同时具备穿戴舒适性与力及运动的传递功能,两者对人机界面提出刚柔特性相反的要求,对接受腔的设计形成了矛盾。针对这一矛盾,提出分时间歇和分区交替承载的界面压力可控式假肢接受腔设计概念,以最大化其功能传递性,并且避免残肢软组织长时间承受过高载荷。设计一种负刚度挤压腔体单元,通过抽真空方式驱动腔体单元收缩改变接受腔内壁形状,实现接受腔对残肢软组织适配界面的刚柔特性协调及快速转换。理论分析负刚度挤压腔体单元的力学特性,该特性使其对软组织松紧挤压转换所需的驱动力小,有利于小型化驱动单元,同时也使接受腔对软组织具有过载保护的功能。以该单元为基础构建假肢接受腔试验模型,并对其界面压力响应特性进行试验评价,初步实现了对接受腔界面压力的控制,并证明了该设计方案可以同时提高接受腔的功能传递性和舒适安全性。
The functional prosthesis receiving cavity needs to have both the wearing comfort and the transmission function of the force and the movement. Both of them have the opposite requirements on the human-machine interface, which form a contradiction to the design of the receiving cavity. In view of this contradiction, this paper proposes a design concept of interface pressure controllable prosthetic socket, which is divided into time-sharing and sub-district alternately, in order to maximize its functional transmissibility and to prevent the residual limb soft tissue from over-loading for a long time. A negative stiffness extrusion chamber unit is designed to drive the cavity unit to shrink and change the shape of the inner wall of the receiving chamber by means of evacuation to realize the rigid-flexible characteristic coordination and rapid conversion of the receiving chamber to the soft tissue interface of the residual limb. Theoretical analysis of the mechanical properties of negative stiffness extrusion cavity unit, which makes it less necessary for soft tissue compression compression conversion drive is conducive to miniaturization of the drive unit, but also to accept the cavity of the soft tissue overload protection function. Based on this unit, the experimental model of the prosthesis receiving cavity was constructed and its interface pressure response characteristics were evaluated. The control of the pressure on the interface of the receiving cavity was preliminarily realized and the design scheme was proved to improve the transmissibility of the receiving cavity at the same time. Comfort and safety.