中国在过去30年的高增长期中,由于具备了剩余劳动力、后发优势、人口红利这三个有利条件,实现了9.9%的年均增长率。但2011年后,剩余劳动力和人口红利这两个优势几乎同时消失。劳动力匮乏,是造成中国经济增长大幅放缓的最主要原因。如何提升劳动生产率?一靠创新,二靠优化资源配置,使资源从低效领域转向高效领域。 In the high growth period of the past 30 years, China has achieved an average annual growth rate of 9.9% due to the three favorable conditions of surplus labor force, backward advantage and demographic dividend. However, after 2011, the two advantages of surplus labor force and demographic bonus almost disappeared at the same time. Lack of labor is the main reason for the sharp slowdown in China’s economic growth. How to Improve Labor Productivity? By relying on innovation and by optimizing the allocation of resources, resources can be shifted from inefficient areas to highly efficient ones.