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本文主要讨论三个问题:第一,“S+T+没(有)+V+(O)+了”句式中时量成分为什么一定要放在动词之前?第二,这种句式为什么没有相应的肯定句?第三,为什么在这种句式中“没(有)”和“了”可以共现?文章认为,否定有两种:一种是对量的否定,一种是对质的否定。时间词语前置,主要是为了区别这两种不同性质的否定。正因为时量词语的前置,使得句子的语序变成了有标记的、句子的否定也变成了有标记的否定,因此没有相应的肯定形式;也正因为时量词语的前置,使得“没(有)”与“了”变成了非直接成分,因此可以在一个句子中共现。
This article mainly discusses three questions: First, why does the component of time in the sentence “S + T + without (+) + V + (O) +” must precede the verb? Second, why does this sentence not correspond to Third, why “no” and “the” can coexist in this sentence? The article holds that there are two kinds of negation: one is the negation of quantity and the other is the negation of the quality . Time words preface, mainly to distinguish the two different nature of the negative. Because of the preposition of time-measure words, the sentence order becomes marked, and the negation of sentence also becomes marked negative, so there is no corresponding affirmative form. It is because of the preposition of time-measure words that makes “No (yes)” and “yes” have become indirect and therefore can be co-exist in one sentence.