心理学家把孩子摆弄物体的动作叫操纵。从孩子会持物开始,就出现了简单的早期操纵。比如孩子拿起小玩具,呆一会儿就放下,然后又去拿。再比如孩子放下手里的玩具又去拿另一件玩具。不论玩什么玩具,他都是拿到手里左看右看,倒一下手,放在嘴里吮两下,然后摇一摇,往床上或另一件玩具上敲几下。逐渐地孩子发现了自己操纵的结果:有的玩具会走,有的玩具会响,有的玩具会转。这种操纵结果还可以重复。于是孩子的研究活动就由“这是什么玩艺儿”变成了“这玩艺儿怎么玩”。也就是说,从这时起,孩子对于发现物体新的特性越来越有兴趣。当孩子操纵两个物体时,对于操纵结果会表现出明显的倾向性。这时他会把两件东西放在一起比较,结果他还能发现一个物体可以放到另一个物体的上边、里边……离开操作,他是不会有所发现的。 9个月的孩子可以区分和利用物体的某些特性。他可以揪掉脚上的袜子,摘下头上的帽子,可以让球 Psychologists manipulate their children to manipulate objects. From the moment the child holds things, there is a simple early manipulation. For example, children pick up small toys, stay for a while, and then go take it again. Another example is the child put down the toy in his hand went to get another toy. No matter what toys to play, he is to get the left hand to see the right hand, pour a hand, put in his mouth sucking twice, and then shake, to the bed or another toy knock a few times. Gradually children found the results of their manipulation: Some toys will go, some toys will ring, and some toys will turn. This manipulation can be repeated. So the child’s research activities from “What is this stuff ” into This stuff is how to play. That is, from this moment on, children are becoming increasingly interested in discovering new properties of objects. When a child manipulates two objects, there is a clear tendency to manipulate the result. At this moment he will compare two things together, and as a result he will find that one object can be placed on top of another object ... inside, he will not be discovered. 9 months of age children can distinguish and use some of the characteristics of the object. He can get rid of the socks on his feet, take off the cap on his head, and can make the ball