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监测和研究黑土磷素盈亏状况及有效磷演变规律,可为黑土肥力的培育、磷资源的持续利用与合理施肥提供科学依据。本文研究了常规施肥条件下18个黑土监测点土壤磷盈亏情况及其有效磷含量的变化。结果表明,常规施肥条件下,磷肥年平均用量为23.29~49.93 kg P·hm-2,作物吸磷量年平均为21.54~45.52 kg P·hm-2,年均当季土壤表观磷盈亏大小为-13.33~14.99 kg P·hm-2。土壤磷盈亏不同导致其有效磷的变化不同,39%的监测点有效磷含量显著升高,年增加速率为0.68~5.10mg·kg-1;50%的监测点有效磷呈持平状态;11%的监测点有效磷显著下降。经相关性分析,各监测点有效磷的变化量与土壤累积磷呈显著正相关关系,土壤每盈余100 kg P·hm-2,有效磷可增加5.28 mg·kg-1。磷肥施用量为36 kg P·hm-2时土壤表观磷盈亏为零。因此,在有效磷水平为15~50 mg·kg-1黑土上种植玉米,可将36 kg P·hm-2作为推荐磷肥用量。
Monitoring and studying the status of P profit and loss and the evolution of available P in black soil can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of black soil fertility, sustainable utilization of phosphorus resources and rational fertilization. In this paper, the changes of soil P-deficit and available phosphorus in 18 black soil monitoring sites under conventional fertilization were studied. The results showed that the average annual phosphorus application rate was 23.29-49.93 kg P · hm-2 under conventional fertilization conditions, and the average phosphorus uptake by crop was 21.54-45.52 kg P · hm-2. -13.33 ~ 14.99 kg P · hm-2. The change of available phosphorus in soil was different due to the difference of P gain and loss in soil, the content of available phosphorus in 39% of the monitoring sites increased significantly, the annual increase rate was 0.68 ~ 5.10 mg · kg-1; 50% of the monitoring sites showed a flat state of available phosphorus; 11% Of the monitoring point effective phosphorus decreased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the amount of available phosphorus and total phosphorus accumulation in each monitoring site. Soil available phosphorus increased 5.28 mg · kg-1 for every 100 kg P · hm-2 of surplus. Phosphorus fertilizer application of 36 kg P · hm-2 soil apparent phosphorus profit and loss of zero. Therefore, 36 kg P · hm-2 could be used as the recommended phosphate fertilizer when corn was planted on 15 ~ 50 mg · kg-1 black soil.