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BACKGROUND:Survivin is a new and important gene in the regulation of apoptosis. It is very important to explore the effect of the expression of survivin protein caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The effect of IR injury caused by ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the liver in rats and the relation between the protective effect of IP and the expression of survivin are unclear. METHODS:One hundred and iffty male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g, aged 6-7 weeks) were divided into three groups at random: ischemic preconditioning (IP), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and sham-operation (SO). Sample specimens were collected from each group at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue was measured. Pathological changes in the liver and immunohistochemical staining for survivin were determined with an optical microscope. RESULTS: The ALT levels in the IP and IR groups after reperfusion at each time were higher than those in the SO group (P