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【目的】观察研究黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus De Geer成虫复眼形态、小眼结构和不同光暗条件对小眼结构的影响,以明确其光视觉的结构基础和调光机制。【方法】利用组织切片法和扫描电镜等技术。【结果】1.复眼位于头部两侧,正面观呈半球形,占据除额颜外大部分头部。雄虫与雌虫单个复眼分别有约7 180个、7 230个小眼。各小眼面呈整齐排列的规则六边形。2.小眼由角膜及伪晶锥组成的屈光器、不同水平面分布的8个小网膜细胞及其特化形成的离散型视杆、屏蔽色素细胞和基膜等组成。小眼自远端至近端由主色素细胞和12个附属色素细胞围绕。3.随光暗条件的改变小眼内的附属色素细胞色素和基细胞细胞核沿小眼纵轴移动。光适应时,附属色素细胞色素颗粒沿小眼纵轴均匀分布,基细胞细胞核位于基膜上方。暗适应时,附属色素细胞色素颗粒向伪晶锥近端压缩,基细胞细胞核亦向远端移动,到达视杆中段。【结论】黑带食蚜蝇复眼精密的小眼排列形式和内部结构均显示了其强大的生理功能;屏蔽色素颗粒的移动是其复眼适应外界光环境变化的重要机制。本试验为进一步探究黑带食蚜蝇视觉结构和光调节机制,以及与其飞行行为间的关系提供了一定的理论基础。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of compound eye morphology, small eye structure and different light and dark conditions on the structure of the small eye in Episyrphus balteatus De Geer to clarify the structural basis and dimming mechanism of light vision. 【Methods】 Tissue sections and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used. 【Results】 1. Compound eyes located on both sides of the head, the front was hemispherical shape, occupy most of the head except the forehead. Male and female single compound eyes, respectively, about 7 180, 7 230 small eyes. The little eye was arranged in regular hexagons. 2. The small eye by the cornea and pseudo-crystal pyramids composed of eight different levels of the distribution of the retinal cells and its specializes in the formation of discrete rods, shielding pigmented cells and the basement membrane and other components. Small eyes from the distal to the proximal by the main pigment cells and 12 subsidiary pigmentary cells around. 3. With light and dark conditions changes in the small eye of the subsidiary pigment cytochromes and cell nuclei along the small eye vertical axis. Light adaptation, the subsidiary pigment cell pigment particles along the longitudinal axis of the uniform distribution of the base cell nucleus located above the basement membrane. Dark adaptation, the subsidiary pigment cell pigment particles to the proximal pseudo-crystal compression, cell-based nuclei also move to the distal, to reach the middle rod. 【Conclusion】 The fine eye arrangement pattern and internal structure of the eye of the black-spotted Syrphidae showed their strong physiological functions. The movement of the shield pigment particles is an important mechanism for the compound eye to adapt to the changes of the external light environment. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the visual structure and photoregulation mechanism of the black flies Hoverfly and their relationship with flight behavior.