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多波多分量地震勘探技术经历了横波勘探-纵横波联合勘探-转换波3D3C地震勘探的发展历程。目前在海上和陆上实施最多的多波多分量地震勘探方法是转换波三维三分量(3D3C)地震勘探方法。转换波3D3C地震勘探具有很多优势,利用转换波3D3C地震勘探技术能够解决复杂气藏地质问题中的砂泥岩储层预测、裂缝检测及流体性质识别等问题。从目前取得的成果来看,该勘探方法的良好,但需要解决的问题也比较多,比如转换波预测裂缝方位的不确定性、纵横波联合的流体性质识别、转换波深度域成像等问题。因此,转换波3D3C技术的完善、资料处理能力的提高、解释技术的发展都是多波多分量勘探技术向工业界推广过程中必须解决的问题。回顾了多波多分量技术的发展历程,提出了目前转换波3D3C技术中存在的问题,并分析了转换波3D3C勘探技术的发展趋势。
The multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration technology has undergone the development history of transverse wave exploration - the combination of vertical and shear waves - 3D3C seismic exploration of converted waves. At present, multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration methods most implemented at sea and on land are three-dimensional (3D3C) seismic exploration method of converted wave. The conversion wave 3D3C seismic exploration has many advantages. The conversion seismic 3D3C seismic exploration technology can solve the problems of sandstone and mudstone reservoir prediction, fracture detection and fluid property identification in the geological problems of complex gas reservoirs. According to the results obtained so far, the exploration method is good, but there are many problems to be solved, such as the uncertainty of the azimuth of the fractures predicted by the converted waves, the recognition of the fluid properties of the compressional and shear waves, and the imaging of the depth of converted waves. Therefore, the improvement of 3D3C conversion technology, the improvement of data processing capability and the development of interpretation technology are all problems that must be solved in the promotion of multi-wave and multi-component exploration technology to industry. The development history of multi-wave multi-component technology is reviewed, and the existing problems of 3D3C current conversion wave are presented. The development trend of 3D3C exploration technology of converted wave is analyzed.