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磁应变法近年来在工程结构残余应力检测方面得到了迅速发展,具有设备简单、操作方便等优点,能方便得到残余应力分布形式,但数值精度不高。采用热轧H形钢加载回弹试验制作了标准残余应力试件,利用磁应变法和盲孔法分别测试了残余应力。通过与有限元计算结果比较发现,盲孔法测得残余应力分布和数值均与计算结果吻合良好。磁应变法测得的残余应力分布正确,但数值随不同处理方法精度不同。研究了提高磁应变法数值精度的方法,得到了采用峰值残余应力处盲孔法数值为基准可有效提高测试精度的重要结论。
In recent years, the magnetic strain method has been developed rapidly in the detection of residual stress in engineering structures. It has the advantages of simple equipment and convenient operation, and can easily obtain the residual stress distribution form, but the numerical accuracy is not high. A standard residual stress specimen was fabricated by hot-rolled H-beam loading rebound test. The residual stress was measured by using the magnetic strain method and the blind hole method respectively. Compared with the results of finite element analysis, it is found that the residual stress distribution and numerical values measured by the blind hole method are in good agreement with the calculated results. The residual stress distribution measured by the magnetic strain method is correct, but the accuracy of the numerical values varies with different methods. The method to improve the numerical accuracy of the magnetic strain method is studied, and the important conclusion that the method of using the blind hole method at the peak residual stress as the benchmark can effectively improve the testing accuracy is obtained.