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（一）中国封建专制制度的特征是以皇权为中心，皇权是国家权力的金字塔尖，整个塔身则为从中央到地方的各级官僚阶层，封建王朝藉此组成庞大的国家机器进行统治。1861年，慈禧通过宫廷政变掌握了清王朝的最高权力。为达到长期控制朝政的目的，慈接在朝廷内外大力培植其政治势?
(1) The feudal autocratic system in China is characterized by the imperial power as the center, the imperial power as the pyramidal point of state power, and the entire tower as a bureaucratic hierarchy from the central to local levels. The feudal dynasty took the form of a huge state machine to rule. In 1861, Empress acquired the supreme power of the Qing dynasty through court coup. In order to achieve the goal of long-term control of the government, Mercy vigorously fostered its political position both inside and outside the court.