目的　探讨高渗盐水痰诱导方法研究哮喘儿童气道炎症的安全性和可重复性。方法　２８例哮喘儿童（轻度１２例、中度１０例、重度６例）进行痰诱导，测定诱导前后最大呼气流量（ＰＥＦ）变化；对轻度和中度哮喘组于４ｈ和８ｈ后再重复诱导两次，集痰液涂片，进行总细胞计数和分类计数５００个细胞中的各类细胞的百分比。结果　轻度和中度哮喘发作组诱导前后ＰＥＦ值相比无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。重度哮喘发作组诱导前ＰＥＦ值为１５３．２±１８．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，诱导后为１２１．４±１２．３ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，两者有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。轻度哮喘发作组４ｈ和８ｈ以及中度哮喘发作组４ｈ的细胞计数与第１次相比，细胞总数和细胞分类均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。中度哮喘发作８ｈ的细胞计数与第１次相比，细胞总数和上皮细胞分类有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），而其它细胞则无显著性差异。结论　对哮喘轻度和中度发作的儿童进行痰诱导是安全的，而对重度哮喘发作的儿童进行痰诱导会引起ＰＥＦ显著下降，具有一定的危险；轻度和中度发作儿童８ｈ内重复诱导细胞计数具有可重复性。 Objective To investigate the safety and reproducibility of hypertonic saline sputum induction in children with asthma. Methods Twenty-eight asthmatic children (12 mild, 10 moderate, and 6 severe) were induced sputum to measure the change of maximum expiratory flow (PEF) before and after induction. In mild and moderate asthma group at 4h and 8h Repeated induction twice, sputum smear, the total cell count and the percentage of 500 cells in various types of cell count. Results There was no significant difference in PEF between mild and moderate asthma attack before and after induction (P> 0.05). PEF value of severe asthmatic attack group before induction was 153.2 ± 18.0ml / min and after induction was 121.4 ± 12.3ml / min, both were significantly different (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the total number of cells and the cell classification between the 4 and 8 hours of mild asthma attack and the 4 hours of moderate asthma attack (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the total number of cells and the epithelial cell count at 8h after the onset of moderate asthma, while there was no significant difference between the other cells. Conclusions Sputum induction is safe in children with mild and moderate asthma attacks. Sputum induction in children with severe asthma attacks can cause a significant decrease in PEF, which may be dangerous. Mild and moderate seizures are induced repeatedly within 8 hours Cell count is reproducible.