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压力容器的安全质量是与设计、选材直到使用、维修多方面因素有关的问题,但无损检测无疑是保证安全质量的重要手段。在检测中常用的是X射线、超声波、涡流和磁粉诸种探伤技术,可是近些年来,以前鲜为人知的激光技术正以异军突起之势步入检测技术的行列,日益受到人们的注目。激光技术包括:激光全息术、激光与固体表面交互作用产生超声波、利用激光产生的超声波检测表面位移、激光产生热波。(热波不适宜检测厚壁构件,因为这种波的穿透深度很小,在本文中将不作介绍。)
The safety quality of pressure vessel is a problem related to many factors such as design and material selection and maintenance. However, NDT is undoubtedly an important means to ensure safety and quality. Commonly used in the detection of X-ray, ultrasonic, eddy current and magnetic detection of various flaws, but in recent years, previously little-known laser technology is a sudden emergence of the trend into the ranks of detection technology, attracting increasing attention. Laser technology includes: laser holography, the laser interaction with the solid surface to produce ultrasound, the use of laser-generated ultrasound to detect surface displacement, the laser heat waves. (Thermal waves are not suitable for the detection of thick-walled components because the depth of penetration of such waves is small and will not be covered in this article.)