目的:探讨小儿气管及支气管异物的临床特征,提高诊治率。方法:回顾性分析368例气管、支气管异物患儿的临床资料。分析患儿的年龄、性别、病史、异物部位和种类及并发症等。368例患儿中,3例在术前将异物咳出,2例因病情危重未取异物,其他均在全身麻醉下行气管镜检查及异物取出术。结果:3例在术前将异物自行咳出,4例死亡,2例患儿遗留缺氧缺血性脑病、癫痫,余均手术取出异物。结论:对于儿童气管及支气管异物,应详细询问异物吸入史,进行体格检查和胸部X线或CT检查,以避免延误病情和出现误诊、误治。 Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies and improve the diagnosis and treatment rate. Methods: The clinical data of 368 children with tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies were retrospectively analyzed. Analysis of children with age, gender, medical history, foreign body parts and types and complications. Of the 368 children, 3 had coughed up before surgery, 2 had no foreign body due to their critical condition, others underwent bronchoscopy and foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Results: Three patients had their own cough, 4 died, 2 had left hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, epilepsy, and the remaining surgically removed foreign bodies before operation. CONCLUSIONS: Children with tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies should be asked in detail the history of foreign body aspiration, physical examination and chest X-ray or CT examination in order to avoid delay in disease and misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.