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紫花地丁(Viola philippica)为典型的两型花自花受精植物,具有开放花和闭锁花混合繁育系统。通过对开放花和闭锁花花芽形态发育的比较发现:开放花与闭锁花在花芽发育早期形态相似,4轮花器官原基均正常发生。出现明显差异的时期为4轮花器官原基形成以后,小孢子发育时期为产孢细胞阶段,开放花的5个花瓣与5枚雄蕊继续发育,每个雄蕊有4个花药室;而闭锁花只有2枚雄蕊继续发育,每个雄蕊有2个花药室,其余雄蕊与所有的花瓣依然为器官原基状态,不再发育。通过对花芽与叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量的检测发现,花器官原基形成之后,开放花与闭锁花形态出现明显差异阶段开始,随着花芽的发育,可溶性糖与淀粉含量均呈上升趋势,且开放花花芽中的含量均明显高于对应发育阶段闭锁花花芽;而开放花植株的叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量均低于闭锁花植株叶片,说明开放花所需要的能量高于闭锁花,推测可溶性糖与淀粉含量的差异与两型花发育有一定的关系。
Viola philippica is a typical two-type flower self-fertilization plant, with a mixed open-flower and closed-flower breeding system. The comparison of morphological development of flower buds between open and closed flowers showed that the open flower and the closed flower had similar morphology in early flower bud development, and all four primary organs of flower organs normally occurred. There were obvious differences in the period after the formation of four rounds of flower organ primordial, microspore development stage for the sporulation cells stage, open five flower petals and five stamens continue to develop, each stamen has four anther chambers; and the lock flower Only two stamens continue to develop, each stamen has two anthers, the remaining stamens and all the petals is still the state of the original organ, no longer develop. Through the examination of soluble sugar and starch content in flower buds and leaves, it was found that there was a significant difference in the morphology of open flower and locked flower after the formation of flower primordium. With the development of flower buds, the content of soluble sugar and starch showed an upward trend, and The content of open flower buds were significantly higher than the corresponding developmental stage closed flower buds; and open flower plants leaves soluble sugar content and starch content were lower than that of atlantica flower leaves, indicating that the energy required for opening flowers is higher than the locked flower, speculated that soluble The difference of sugar and starch content has certain relation with the development of two types of flowers.