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目的观察糖尿病大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。方法雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分对照组和实验组,各10只。实验组:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病大鼠模型;对照组:正常饲养。动物模型建成后第8周时称重并测定各组大鼠空腹血糖,然后取材制片,应用透射电镜观察大鼠腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺超微结构变化。结果建模后第8周时对照组大鼠体重(282.40±14.00)g,血糖(5.50±0.40)mmol/L;实验组大鼠体重(148.45±8.45)g,血糖(25.20±4.10)mmol/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠腮腺细胞细胞核轮廓不规则,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张;颌下腺细胞细胞核固缩,线粒体出现空泡变性、嵴断裂;舌下腺细胞未见明显改变。结论糖尿病可导致腮腺和颌下腺分泌功能受损而出现口干症状,但未影响舌下腺功能,舌下腺可能起到一定的代偿作用。
Objective To observe the ultrastructural changes of parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland in diabetic rats. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 10 rats in each group. Experimental group: Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally to make diabetic rat model; control group: normal feeding. At the 8th week after the animal model was established, the fasting blood glucose of rats in each group was weighed and measured. Then the ultrastructural changes of parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results The body weight of rats in the control group (282.40 ± 14.00) g and blood glucose (5.50 ± 0.40) mmol / L at the 8th week after modeling were significantly lower than those in the control group (148.45 ± 8.45g and 25.20 ± 4.10mmol / L, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the experimental group, the parotid gland cells had irregular nuclei, swollen mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the submandibular gland cells, the nuclei were pyknotic, the vacuoles degenerated and cristae were broken, and no obvious changes were observed in the sublingual gland cells. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus can lead to dry mouth symptoms due to impaired secretion of the parotid and submandibular glands, but does not affect sublingual gland function. The sublingual glands may play a compensatory role.