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β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)首先由Berggard等人从Wilson氏病和镉中毒患者尿中分离出,是由以淋巴细胞为主的多种有核细胞合成的一种血清蛋白。由于分子量小(仅为11,800),在正常情况下容易通过肾小球而滤出,但大部分在肾小管被重吸收而分解。除血浆和尿外,脑脊液、唾液及初乳等体液中也有存在。血活中的β_2-MG含量与血清肌酐含量呈正相关,而与肾小球滤过率呈负相关。测定血中β_2-MG含量是诊断肾功能低下的有价值的指标。β_2-MG也能在肿瘤细胞合成。近年来,恶性肿瘤患者血中β_2-MG含量的上升受到了人们的重视。
β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) was first isolated from the urine of patients with Wilson’s disease and cadmium poisoning by Berggard et al. It is a serum protein synthesized by a variety of nucleated cells that are mainly composed of lymphocytes. Due to its low molecular weight (only 11,800), it is easily filtered out through the glomerulus under normal conditions, but most of it is reabsorbed and decomposed in the renal tubules. In addition to plasma and urine, body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and colostrum are also present. The β2-MG content in blood was positively correlated with the serum creatinine level and negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate. Determination of blood β_2-MG content is a valuable indicator for the diagnosis of renal dysfunction. β_2-MG can also be synthesized in tumor cells. In recent years, the increase of β2-MG content in blood of patients with malignant tumors has received attention.