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18世纪中叶,俄国文化出现繁荣景象。俄罗斯列宾美术学院(前彼得堡皇家美院)是一所拥有250年历史的全俄重点高等美术学府,它与莫斯科苏里科夫美术学院同属于全俄一类美术教育基地。工作室制度的产生和发展列宾美院建立于欧洲新古典主义艺术鼎盛时期,成立之初便确立了以工作室形式为核心,以写实为主要传统的技法教学体系,这是当时俄罗斯统治阶层广纳西方科技、艺术、文化的必然选择。该院的工作室始终由俄罗斯著名教授担任一线教学,工工作室也以主持教学的教授名字命名。例如:极负盛名的列宾工作室、马科夫斯基工作室、库因之工作室、希施金工作室以及苏联时期的莫依谢延科工作室、约干松工作室、阿尼库申工作室等等,直至现在的梅尔尼科夫工作室、法明工作室、彼缅诺夫工作室等一批优秀的绘画工作室。但受师资问题等客观原因影响,也导致部分工作室关
In the middle of the eighteenth century, the Russian culture appeared prosperous. Russia’s Repin Academy of Fine Arts (formerly the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Petersburg) is a 250-year-old high school of fine arts all over Russia. It is a part of the art education base of all Russia with the Surikov Academy of Fine Arts in Moscow. The emergence and development of the studio system Founded in the heyday of European neoclassical art, the United States set up a teaching system based on the studio style with the core of realistic tradition as its main tradition. At that time, the Russian ruling class Advise Western science and technology, art, culture, the inevitable choice. The studio studio has always been a famous Russian professor as a front-line teaching, studio workers also presided over the teaching of the professor named. For example: the prestigious Repin Studio, Makovsky Studios, Studio of the library, Huschkin Studios and Soviet-era Mo Yi Xie Yanke studio, about dry pine studio, Anikuhen Studios and so on, until now Melnikov Studios, Farming Studios, Pirenhanov Studios and a number of outstanding painting studio. However, due to the objective reasons such as teacher problems, it also led to the closure of some studios