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目的分析2007年青海省4个国家级鼠疫监测点的监测结果,为进一步制定鼠疫预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法按《全国鼠疫监测方案及实施细则》和《青海省鼠疫监测方案》的要求,对监测点的宿主动物、媒介昆虫、人等进行病原学和血清学监测:采用路线法调查旱獭、五步夹线法调查小型啮齿动物种类和数量分布;对检获的宿主动物体的媒介昆虫进行鉴定和统计分析。结果4个监测点的平均旱獭密度为0.079只/hm~2,小型鼠密度调查捕获率为4.94%,以高原鼠兔为优势种群;旱獭平均蚤指数为3.29,染蚤率为54.15%;小型啮齿动物平均蚤指数为0.25,染蚤率为6.5%;旱獭洞干蚤指数为0.07,洞干染蚤率为4.93%;共检测各种动物材料3 043份,从自毙旱獭、自毙沙狐和媒介昆虫中检出鼠疫菌10株;检测人及动物血清923份,IHA阳性4份。结论青藏铁路沿线的乌兰县、西大滩和青南高原玉树县3个监测点动物鼠疫疫情活跃。
Objective To analyze the surveillance results of four national plague surveillance sites in Qinghai Province in 2007, and provide a scientific basis for the further development of plague prevention and control measures. Methods According to the requirements of “National Plague Surveillance Program and Implementation Rules” and “Qinghai Province Plague Surveillance Program”, the etiological and serological surveillance of host animals, vector insects and people in the monitoring sites were conducted: Wrap method to investigate small rodents species and quantity distribution; the host animals detected seized vector insect identification and statistical analysis. Results The average density of M. marmota was 0.079 / hm ~ 2 at 4 monitoring sites and 4.94% at the density of small mammals. The average number of moths was 3.29 and the rate of stained flea was 54.15% The average rodent flea index was 0.25, the rate of flea infection was 6.5%, the dry mound index of Marmota cave was 0.07 and the rate of dry-headed flea infection was 4.93%. A total of 3 043 samples of various animal materials were detected, 10 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected in fox and vector insects; 923 were detected in human and animal serums and 4 were positive for IHA. Conclusions The animal plague in Wulan County, Xida Beach and Yushu County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very active.