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向日葵生产中面临着严重的病虫害问题，选育抗病品种是向日葵育种工作的主要目标之一。某些向日葵野生种中含有对向日葵栽培种主要病虫害的抗性基因，目前，通过种间杂交等手段可以将向日葵野生种中的抗性基因导入栽培种中，获得抗病材料，选育出抗病新品种，但种间杂交属于远缘杂交，不易获得成功，因此将幼胚培养技术同常规育种程序相结合，借助幼胚培养技术可以克服远缘杂交中胚败育，缩短育种周期，迅速选育出抗病向日葵新品种。本文将从种间杂交设计、培养基准备、幼胚离体培养的无菌操作、幼苗移栽及后期温室管理几个方面对幼胚培养技术在向日葵育种工作中的应用作简要介绍.
Sunflower production is facing serious problems of pests and diseases, breeding of resistant varieties is one of the main objectives of sunflower breeding. Some sunflower wild species contain the major resistance genes to sunflower cultivars. At present, the resistant genes in the wild sunflower species can be introduced into the cultivars through interspecific hybridization to obtain disease-resistant materials, However, interspecific hybridization is distant hybridization and it is not easy to be successful. Therefore, by combining immature embryo culture with conventional breeding programs, immature embryo culture can overcome the problem of embryo abortion by distant hybridization and shorten the breeding cycle. Bred a new variety of resistant sunflower. This article will briefly introduce the application of immature embryo culture in sunflower breeding from the aspects of interspecific hybridization design, preparation of culture medium, aseptic operation of immature embryo culture in vitro, seedling transplanting and late greenhouse management.