论文部分内容阅读
大豆锈病的病原菌为豆薯层锈菌Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Sydow。夏孢子萌发温度范围8—36℃,适温范围15—26℃;夏孢子在室温13—24℃条件下能存活61天,室外8.7—29.8℃存活27天,低温5—8℃存活18天。pH2.2—10范围内,pH5—6萌发率最高。夏孢子在直射阳光下,不能萌发,在弱光及黑暗条件下,萌发率高于强光,萌发芽管方向具逆光性。夏孢子入侵大豆在温度17—24℃和饱和湿度下,需7小时以上,而以22—26℃入侵率最高,28℃以上不能入侵。 大豆锈病的流行,在有茵源条件下,与温、湿度有关,在适温范围内,雨量、雨日数起决定作用。在湖北省的流行速率,可按r=0.201+10.664φ公式计算,并以此进行短期测报。年度严重度测报,可用r=a+bφ=0.49+0.979φ=0.49+0.009x+0.093y回归方程式预测。 田间喷施25％邻酰胺250倍或75％百菌清750倍可湿性粉剂1—3次,防治效果和增产效果显著,可大面积推广使用。粉锈灵有内吸作用,残效期达70天以上,耐冲刷、防效高,增产68.15％,是今后防治大豆锈病的理想药剂。
The pathogen of soybean rust is Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Sydow. The spore germination temperature range is 8-36 ℃, the suitable temperature range is 15-26 ℃. The urticaria can survive for 61 days at room temperature of 13-24 ℃, the outdoor survival of 8.7-29.8 ℃ for 27 days and the low temperature of 5-8 ℃ for 18 days . pH2.2-10 range, pH5-6 highest germination rate. In the direct sunlight, the uredospores can not germinate. Under low light and dark conditions, the germination rate is higher than that of the bright light, and the germination germination tube has a retroreflectivity. Unearthed spore invasion of soybeans in the temperature 17-24 ℃ and saturated humidity, take more than 7 hours, while the highest invasion rate of 22-26 ℃, 28 ℃ above can not be invading. The prevalence of soybean rust, in a Yin source conditions, and temperature and humidity, in the appropriate temperature range, rainfall, rain days play a decisive role. The prevalence rate in Hubei Province can be calculated according to the formula of r = 0.201 + 10.664φ and used for short-term measurement. Annual severity measurement, available r = a + bφ = 0.49 + 0.979φ = 0.49 + 0.009x + 0.093y regression equation prediction. Spraying 25% o-amidite 250 times or 75% chlorothalonil 750 times wettable powder 1-3 times in the field, the control effect and the yield-increasing effect are remarkable, which can be popularized and used in a large area. Powder rust Spirit has a systemic effect, the residual effect of more than 70 days, erosion resistance, high efficiency, an increase of 68.15%, is the future of soybean rust prevention and treatment of the ideal agent.