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在中西政治哲学比较研究中,《礼运·大同》与《理想国》因其政治构想的诸多相似之处,一直受到学者们的高度重视。但历代学者大都只关注对政制模式的形式化比较研究,而忽略了对政治根本问题的理解。笔者认为,《礼运·大同》与《理想国》的作者面临的问题是人类共同生活的根本问题,即政治权力一旦产生,就无法避免的“权力的私有”问题:而要解决这个问题,就必须建构一种使统治者不能从中获得利益的政治制度;但中西方理论传统的不同,使得中国先贤和柏拉图在表述和论证这个问题时大相径庭,最终造就了中西不同的政治文化。
In the comparative study of political philosophy between China and the West, there are many similarities between “righteousness, harmony and righteousness” and scholars because of their similarities in political conceptions. However, most scholars of the past dynasties mainly focused on the formal comparative study of the constitutional mode while neglecting the understanding of the fundamental problem of politics. The author believes that the problems faced by the authors of “Li Yun Da Tong” and “Republic of China” are the fundamental problems for the common life of mankind, that is, the “private issue of power” can not be avoided once the political power is created: We must construct a political system in which the rulers can not benefit from it. However, due to the differences in traditional Chinese and Western theories, the scholar and Plato in China were quite different in formulating and arguing for the issue, which eventually resulted in the different political cultures of China and the West.