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镍基合金因其优异的耐高温和耐腐蚀性,广泛地应用在航空航天、核电及海洋采油等行业。基于镍基合金的重要性,研究其焊接热影响区(Heat-affected zone,HAZ)液化裂纹问题对于促进该问题的解决具有重要意义。焊接工艺的好坏直接影响到镍基合金焊接性能,是导致其HAZ液化裂纹的重要因素之一。采用热处理工艺,可以获得预期的组织和性能,以降低液化裂纹敏感性。同时,合金母材中微量元素影响晶界非平衡偏析行为,会导致HAZ液化裂纹的产生。从焊接工艺、热处理工艺及微量元素三个方面综述镍基合金焊接HAZ液化裂纹的最新进展,并对液化裂纹的测试方法进行总结,对未来的研究趋势进行展望。
Nickel-based alloys are widely used in aerospace, nuclear power and offshore oil production for their excellent high temperature and corrosion resistance. Based on the importance of nickel-based alloys, it is important to study the HAZ liquefaction crack problem to promote the solution of this problem. The quality of the welding process has a direct impact on the welding performance of the Ni-based alloy, which is one of the important factors that cause the cracking of the HAZ. The use of heat treatment process, you can get the desired organization and performance, to reduce liquefaction cracking sensitivity. At the same time, the trace elements in the alloy base metal affect the non-equilibrium segregation of grain boundaries, resulting in the generation of HAZ liquefaction cracks. The recent progress of HAZ liquefaction cracking in nickel-base alloy welding is summarized from three aspects of welding process, heat treatment process and trace elements. The test methods for liquefying cracks are summarized and the future research trends are prospected.