纵观中国历史,戏曲的发展是历史的缩影,它是一代又一代民间艺人吸收中国古代智慧、融合时代背景的艺术结晶。中国汉族戏曲主要是由民间歌舞、说唱、滑稽戏三种不同的艺术形式结合而成的。我国戏曲种类繁多,其中,京剧是艺术成就较高的,享誉国内外,是当之无愧的国粹。有着“国粹”之称的京剧,是在清代地方戏繁荣的基础上产生的。在同治、光绪年间出现了以“同光十三绝”为代表的第一代京剧表演艺术家和不同流派的宗师,把中国戏曲推到新的高度,更好地反映了当时人们的精神面貌及社会 Throughout Chinese history, the development of traditional opera is a microcosm of history. It is an art crystallization of generation after generation of folk artists absorbing ancient Chinese wisdom and integrating the background of the times. Chinese Han Chinese opera is mainly composed of three different art forms of folk song and dance, rap and comic drama. There are various types of operas in our country. Among them, Peking Opera is a well-established national achievement with a high reputation both at home and abroad. Peking opera, with the title of “national essence”, was created on the basis of local drama prosperity in the Qing Dynasty. During the period of Tongzhi and Guangxu, the first generation of Beijing opera performing artists and givers of different genres, represented by “Tongguang 13”, pushed the Chinese opera to a new height and better reflected the people’s spirit Face and society