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某油田拥有200多台火(管)筒式加热炉,由于腐蚀老化、负荷增大以及热洗周期缩短等原因,加热炉损坏和高能耗问题日益突出,每年耗气近9500×104m3,且现场多次发生加热炉着火事故。据统计,损坏的加热炉中,炉管烧损鼓包占53%,烟炉管、封头、烟箱、烟囱腐蚀减薄或穿孔占32%,由此判断炉管是加热炉的易损部件。加热炉炉管鼓包是因为结垢导致炉管上部局部过热以及环境温度变化过大,炉管和弯头等部位的腐蚀主要是因为溶解氧腐蚀、垢下腐蚀及硫酸露点腐蚀。根据加热炉损坏的原因,提出了通过使用FHC-D型红外线新型节能涂料、物理防垢设备、直燃式燃烧器辐射管、炉管高温和泄漏监测装置等防护措施,有效控制炉管损坏问题,并预防因炉管烧穿而引起的火灾事故;此外,在加热炉运行管理中,建议通过推广低温常温集输、加热炉交替使用、合理调整天然气和空气配比等方式,达到减缓结垢速度、保护炉管的目的。
Owing to more than 200 fire tube heating furnaces in a certain oil field, the problems of furnace damage and high energy consumption have become increasingly prominent due to corrosion aging, load increase and shortening of hot wash cycle. The annual gas consumption is nearly 9500 × 104 m3, Many furnace accidents occurred. According to statistics, in the damaged heating furnace, the drum tube burns 53% of the drums, and the furnace tube, the head, the smoke box and the chimney are thinned or perforated by 32%, so that the furnace tube is a vulnerable part of the heating furnace . Furnace tube drum bulge furnace tube is due to fouling local overheating and local environmental temperature changes too large, furnace and elbow and other parts of the corrosion is mainly due to dissolved oxygen corrosion, scale corrosion and sulfuric acid dew point corrosion. According to the reason of heating furnace damage, it is proposed to effectively control the failure of the furnace tube by using the protective measures such as the new energy-saving FHC-D type infrared coating, the physical anti-scaling equipment, the direct combustion burner radiant tube, the high temperature of the furnace tube and the leakage monitoring device , And to prevent fire accidents caused by the incineration of the furnace tube. In addition, in the operation and management of the heating furnace, it is suggested to slow down the fouling by promoting the collection and transportation of low temperature and normal temperature, alternating use of heating furnace, reasonably adjusting the ratio of natural gas and air Speed, the purpose of protecting the furnace tube.