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在以生物技术为核心的现代育种技术创新中,遗传资源是不可或缺的物质基础。我国虽具有优越的遗传资源禀赋,但成果产权化利益分配不公平、育种遗传背景基础变窄等问题逐渐显现,主要原因缺乏合理有效的资源配置机制。本文回顾两大国际规则下的生物遗传资源惠益分享制度,用经济学理论对遗传资源产权设置和市场化机制的配置效果进行分析,发现建立遗传资源产权制度只能是解决遗传资源配置问题的一个方面,根本的解决途径需要寻找一种与市场机制结合补充的运行模式,既能发挥市场机制配置资源的基础性功能,又能在市场机制失灵时进行有效弥补和救济。
In the modern breeding technology innovation centering on biotechnology, genetic resources are an indispensable material basis. Although our country has superior genetic resources endowment, but the benefits of property rights and benefits of the distribution of unfair, genetic basis for breeding narrowing and other issues gradually appear, the main reason for the lack of a reasonable and effective resource allocation mechanism. This article reviews the system of benefit sharing of biological genetic resources under the two major international rules and analyzes the effect of allocation of property rights and market-oriented mechanisms of genetic resources using economic theory. It finds that the establishment of property rights system of genetic resources can only solve the problem of the allocation of genetic resources On the one hand, the fundamental solution to this problem needs to find a mode of operation that complements the market mechanism. It can not only make full use of the basic functions of the market mechanism in allocating resources, but also make effective remedies and remedies when the market mechanism fails.