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目的探讨X、γ射线的长期小剂量累积情况下对职业人群健康的影响。方法对保定市医用X射线工作人员和某油田γ射线测井工作人员进行临床血液细胞学检查、临床生化项目检查及外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查,并对检查结果进行统计分析。结果X射线组与γ射线组白细胞总数值降低与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);γ射线组淋巴细胞百分率低于对照组(P<0.05),X射线组淋巴细胞百分率低于对照组,但差异不显著;染色体畸变率2个照射组明显高于对照组(P<0.01),以上各项指标2个射线组之间差异均无统计学意义。结论外周血白细胞总数、淋巴细胞率、染色体畸变率为辐射敏感指标,淋巴细胞对于γ射线更为敏感;其余各项指标显示2种射线所产生的机体效应差异不明显。
Objective To investigate the influence of long-term low dose of X and γ rays on occupational health. Methods Clinical blood cytology, clinical biochemistry and chromosomal examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed on medical X-ray workers in Baoding city and gamma ray logging workers in some oilfields. The results of the tests were statistically analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the total leukocyte count decreased in the X-ray group and the γ-ray group (P <0.01), the percentage of lymphocytes in the γ-ray group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05) Lower than the control group, but the difference was insignificant; chromosome aberration rate was significantly higher in the two irradiation groups than in the control group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the above two indexes between the two groups. Conclusions The total number of peripheral blood leucocytes, lymphocyte rate and chromosome aberration rate are radiation sensitive indicators, and lymphocytes are more sensitive to γ-rays. The remaining indicators show that there is no obvious difference in the body effect produced by the two kinds of radiation.