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目的针对广州空港口岸非洲航班入境旅客个人基本情况、国内外生活和工作环境、个人在国外生活状况、传染病认知度、传染病防控主动获知意识等五大要素进行流行病学调查,研究其传染病罹患因素,探讨如何针对性强化境内外防控措施。方法 2010—2014年,在广州白云国际机场口岸,针对非洲航班中国籍入境旅客发放调查表并统一回收统计。结果非洲航班入境旅客以男性为主,占94.23%;88.55%的旅客年龄集中在20~49岁之间;职业以劳务和商务人员为多,合计达68.14%;入境旅客在非生活地区以城市及周边郊区为主;传染病知识宣教和防护用品发放通常由当地政府、医疗机构提供,一般为驱蚊药物、口罩、手套等;52.07%的入境旅客声称身边有传染病患者,多为疟疾、登革热、流感等;入境旅客承认在境外期间有蚊虫叮咬史者最多,达80.46%;仅有11.07%和13.47%的旅客能正确认知以埃博拉出血热为代表的新发传染病传播途径及预防措施,入境有发热等不适症状时,仅有27.24%的旅客选择将情况告知口岸检疫部门。结论非洲航班入境旅客在境外受传染病威胁较大,自身传染病知识尤其是新发传染病知识、个人防护及主动配合意识有待加强,在境外感染传染病后输入我国导致本地疫情暴发的可能性不容忽视。检验检疫、卫生、劳务等部门应通力合作,采取积极主动的针对性境内外防控措施,达到提前防范风险的目标。
Objective To investigate the basic conditions of inbound travelers at Guangzhou Airport Port, the living and working environment both at home and abroad, the living conditions of individuals abroad, the awareness of infectious diseases, the awareness of active awareness of communicable disease prevention and control and so on. Infectious Diseases Factors, to explore how to strengthen the prevention and control measures at home and abroad. Methods From 2010 to 2014, at the Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport port, questionnaires were issued for Chinese nationals entering Africa on flights and the statistics were collected uniformly. Results Male passengers dominated the African flights, accounting for 94.23%; 88.55% of tourists were aged between 20 and 49; 68.14% of them were laborers and business professionals in occupations; and those arriving in non-living areas were cities And the outskirts of the surrounding areas; knowledge of infectious diseases mission and the distribution of protective equipment is usually provided by the local government, medical institutions, usually repellent drugs, masks, gloves, etc .; 52.07% of inbound travelers claim that there are infectious diseases around, mostly malaria, Dengue fever and flu. Inbound travelers admitted that they had the most mosquito bites during the overseas period, up to 80.46%. Only 11.07% and 13.47% of tourists were able to correctly recognize the transmission of new infectious diseases represented by Ebola haemorrhagic fever And precautionary measures, the arrival of fever and other symptoms, only 27.24% of travelers choose to inform the port quarantine department. Conclusion Inbound travelers of African flights are at a higher risk of being exposed to infectious diseases abroad. Their own knowledge of infectious diseases, especially knowledge of new infectious diseases, need to be strengthened in their awareness of personal protection and active cooperation. After the outbreak of infectious diseases outside the country, the possibility of entering into our country will result in the outbreak of the local epidemic. Can not be ignored. Inspection and quarantine, health, labor and other departments should work together to take proactive measures targeted at home and abroad to achieve the goal of preventing risks in advance.