AIM:To identify risk factors contributing to the development of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC) in China.METHODS:One hundred and twenty-six patients with CHC and 4:1 matched healthy controls were interviewed during the period from February 2000 to October 2012.Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for each risk factor.RESULTS:Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for CHC development were hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,heavy alcohol consumption,a family history of liver cancer,and diabetes mellitus.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HBV infection(OR=19.245,95%CI:13.260-27.931)and heavy alcohol consumption(OR=2.186,95%CI:1.070-4.466)were independent factors contributing to the development of CHC.CONCLUSION:HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption may play a role in the development of CHC in China. AIM: To identify risk factors contributing to the development of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) in China. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six patients with CHC and 4: 1 matched healthy controls were interviewed during the period from February 2000 to October 2012 . Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each risk factor .RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for CHC development were hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, heavy alcohol consumption, a family history of liver cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HBV infection (OR = 19.245,95% CI: 13.260-27.931) and heavy alcohol consumption (OR = 2.186, 95% CI: 1.070- 4.466) were independent factors contributing to the development of CHC.CONCLUSION: HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption may play a role in the development of CHC in China.