1977年3月,《科学通报》刊发了一篇题为《一种新型的倍半萜内酯——青蒿素》的论文,首次公开了已保密多年的青蒿素化学结构研究信息.本文基于原始文献史料,考察了这篇重要论文的投稿背景和刊发过程,并揭示了其对屠呦呦荣获2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖所产生的影响. In March 1977, a paper entitled “A New Sesquiterpene Lactone-Artemisinin” was published in the Science Bulletin, for the first time disclosing information on the chemical structure of artemisinins that have been kept confidential for many years. Based on the historical sources of the original documents, this paper examines the submission background and publication process of this important paper and reveals its impact on Tu Yo-Yo’s 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.