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挥发性麻醉药经肺和血流分布到各器官,在肝脏中被具有高度活性的特异酶系统代谢,肾脏或其它器官也含此类酶。药物代谢所产生的代谢产物,其毒性一般比药物本身低,但某些情况下代谢产物的毒性却增强。药物及其代谢产物通常经尿、胆汁(粪便)和呼出气排除。一、生物转化肝脏中代谢药物的酶反应,可分为Ⅰ相(即氧化或还原)和Ⅱ相(即结合或合成)反应。酶的Ⅰ相反应:①氧化反应包括o—脱烃作用、芳香基和脂肪羟基化反应、n—脱烃
Volatile anesthetics are distributed through the lungs and bloodstream to various organs and are metabolized in the liver by highly active specific enzyme systems, which are also found in the kidneys or other organs. Metabolites produced by drug metabolism, the toxicity is generally lower than the drug itself, but in some cases the toxicity of metabolites have increased. Drugs and their metabolites are usually eliminated by urine, bile (excrement) and expired air. First, the biological transformation of the liver metabolism of the enzyme reaction can be divided into Ⅰ phase (ie oxidation or reduction) and Ⅱ phase (ie, binding or synthesis) reaction. Phase Ⅰ reaction of enzymes: ① oxidation reactions include o-de-alkylation, aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylation, n-de-hydrocarbon