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β衰变是一种放射性衰变过程,在此过程中原子核放出一个正(或负)电子,或者吸收一个在轨道上的电子而衰变成另一种原子核。β衰变的研究对原子核物理和粒子物理的发展作出了巨大的贡献。特别应该指出的是,它曾经两次冲击物理学的基本规律:一次是在查德威克发现β射线能量的连续分布以后,尼尔斯·玻尔怀疑在β衰变中能量是否仍然守恒,后来泡利提出中微子假说成功地解释了β连续谱,“挽救”了能量守恒定律;另一次是在1956年,为了解释“θ-t”之谜,李政道和杨振宁提出了在弱作用中宇称不守恒的假说,后来吴健雄等人通过极化~(60)Coβ衰变实验证实了李、杨的预言。
Beta decay is a process of radioactive decay in which the nucleus releases a positive (or negative) electron, or absorbs an orbital electron to decay into another nucleus. The study of β decay has made a great contribution to the development of nuclear physics and particle physics. In particular, it was pointed out that it had twice hit the basic laws of physics: once Niels Bohr wondered whether energy was still conserved in beta decays after Chadwick found a continuous distribution of beta-ray energy, and later Pauli proposed that the neutrino hypothesis succeeded in explaining the β continuum, “saving” the law of conservation of energy, and the other in 1956, in order to explain the mystery of “θ-t”, Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning Parity is not conserved hypothesis, and later Wu Jianxiong and others through polarization ~ (60) Coβ decay experiment confirmed Li, Yang’s prediction.