19世纪,乳腺癌被认为是局部病变,沿淋巴管转移扩散,且遵循逐级转移即从第一站淋巴结转移到第二站淋巴结,然后再转移到全身的规律。Halsted根治术就是依据这个理论设计的手术方式。直到20世纪60年代Fisher提出乳腺癌是全身性疾病,在病程的早期即可发生全身转移。乳腺癌局部病变 Nineteenth Century, breast cancer is considered a local lesion, spread along the lymphatic metastasis, and follow the gradual transfer of lymph node metastasis from the first station to the second station lymph nodes, and then transferred to the body’s laws. Halsted radical mastectomy is based on the theory of surgical design. Until the 1960s, Fisher proposed that breast cancer is a systemic disease that can metastasize early in the course of the disease. Local lesions of breast cancer