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目的:探讨聋哑儿童执行功能缺陷与脑功能连接间的关系及特征。方法:从特殊教育学校招募28名聋哑儿童和27名人口学指标匹配的正常听力健康儿童作为对照。分别选用磁共振基于体素形态学测量(voxel-based morphometry，VBM)方法评估聋哑儿童与听力正常儿童在脑灰质体积之间的差异，采用功能磁共振独立成分分析(independent component analysis，ICA)的方法分析聋哑儿童与正常听力儿童脑执行功能网络内连接的差异，用执行功能测试工具评价聋哑儿童各执行子功能与听力正常儿童的差异。结果:聋哑儿童的脑灰质体积在左侧角回(MNI坐标：－48，－72，45；700 voxels)、右侧顶上回(MNI坐标：20，－62，57；594 voxels)和左侧枕中回(MNI坐标：－32，－87，42；782 voxels)较听力正常儿童减小。聋哑儿童在左侧眶部额中回/左侧额下回(MNI坐标：－24，21，3；54 voxels)功能连接较听力正常儿童减弱。在行为学测试结果中，聋哑儿童在转换功能上较正常儿童存在缺陷，差异有统计学意义(n t(42)＝2.39，n P＝0.02)。n 结论:聋哑儿童执行功能存在一定缺陷，其神经机制可能与执行功能相关脑区出现功能连接减弱及脑灰质体积减小有关。“,”Objective:To explore the relationship between executive dysfunction and brain functional connectivity in deaf children and its mechanisms.Methods:Twenty-eight deaf children were recruited from special education schools and twenty-seven children with normal hearing were treated as controls matched with deaf children in age, sex and education. All human subjects were scheduled to complete brain magnetic resonance scanning, based on the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique for detecting differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and a set of executive function (EF) tasks for detecting differences in EF behavior performance between deaf and normal hearing children. All human subjects were also performed resting-state fMRI, which were analyzed by independent component analysis (ICA) and the executive control network was selected and compared between the deaf and normal hearing children.Results:Compared with the children with normal hearing, deaf children had smaller volume of gray matter in the left angular gyrus (MIN coordinates: -48, -72, 45; 700 voxels), right superior parietal gyrus (MIN coordinates: 20, -62, 57; 594 voxels) and left middle occipital gyrus(MIN coordinates: -32, -87, 42; 782 voxels). Deaf children had weaker functional connectivity (FC) in the left middle frontal gyrus, orbital part/left inferior frontal gyrus (MIN coordinates: -24, 21, 3; 54 voxels) with normal hearing children. In the behavioral test, deaf children had defects in the switching function compared with normal children, which was statistically significant (n t(42)=2.39, n P=0.02).n Conclusion:The EF of deaf children has some defects, and its neural mechanism may be related with the reduced functional connectivity and gray matter volume in the brain regions related to executive function.