船舶优先权作为一种特别法上的担保物权,是立法对特定债权人的保护。在我国,这种“特定社会群体”即是海商法第二十二条规定的各海事请求权人。国家究竟出于何种政策的考虑在众多海事请求权人中选择这些权利主体,赋予其甚至优越于船舶抵押权人和留置权人的优先地位?本文试对此进行初步探讨,即简要分析我国各船舶优先权项目存在的公共政策基础。 As a kind of lex special rights, maritime lien is the protection of legislation to certain creditors. In our country, this “specific social group” is the maritime claimant under Article 22 of the Maritime Code. For what kind of policy considerations does the country choose these rights-holders among a large number of maritime claims right holders, giving them even superior precedence over ship mortgagees and lien holders? This paper attempts to make a preliminary study of this issue by briefly analyzing China’s The public policy basis for each priority ship project.