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微生物不仅能够灵敏地响应地质环境的变化,而且还可以通过多种途径参与各类地质地球化学作用过程.微生物通过元素的生物地球化学循环对各类地质环境起作用,这早已为人们所熟悉.微生物还可以在地表环境诱导形成一些深部高温高压环境才能形成的矿物.一些微生物功能群能够在地表常温常压环境实现蒙皂石的伊利石化,形成长石类自生矿物,沉淀白云石,产生地质脂类等地质过程,这些过程在没有生物参与时需要一定的温压条件才能发生.微生物之所以具有这些特殊的地质作用,是因为它们拥有活性酶、具有比较大的比表面积及表面丰富的官能团.微生物可以通过这些具有催化能力的活性酶的作用,并通过代谢作用和生理过程等,降低一些热力学反应的吉布斯自由能,克服一些化学反应的动力学障碍.微生物还因具有较大的比表面积及表面丰富的官能团而能够通过物理吸附降低矿物晶核表面的自由能.微生物通过这些生物化学过程和生物物理过程达到与一定温压条件类似的化学过程和物理过程,从而使一些深部地质过程在地表常温常压环境得以实现.由此提出了微生物与一些地质温压具有等效地质作用的新思想.
Microbes can not only sensitively respond to changes in the geological environment, but also participate in various geological and geochemical processes through a variety of ways.Microorganisms are known to all kinds of geological environments through biogeochemical cycles of elements. Microorganisms can also induce the formation of some deep-sea high-temperature and high-pressure environments in the surface environment.Microbial functional groups are capable of producing illite in smectite at normal temperature and pressure in the earth’s surface, forming feldspar-derived minerals, precipitating dolomites and producing geology Lipids and other geological processes, these processes in the absence of biological participation requires a certain temperature and pressure conditions to happen.The reason why microorganisms have these geological features, because they have active enzymes, with a large specific surface area and surface-rich functional groups Microorganisms can overcome some of the kinetic obstacles of chemical reactions by reducing the Gibbs free energy of some thermodynamic reactions through the action of these catalytically active enzymes and through metabolic and physiological processes, Specific surface area and surface rich functional groups and can Through the physical adsorption to reduce the free energy of the surface of the mineral nuclei.Microorganisms through these biochemical processes and biophysical processes to reach a certain temperature and pressure conditions similar to chemical processes and physical processes so that some of the deep geological processes in the surface at room temperature and atmospheric environment can be achieved Thus, a new idea of the equivalent geological effect between microorganisms and some geological temperature and pressure was proposed.