清季是中国社会从帝制向民族国家转型的关键时期 ,在这一过程中 ,不同民众的民族国家身份认同出现了混乱。本文以 19世纪末 2 0世纪初的国籍问题为中心 ,重点讨论清朝朝野对荷兰 190 7年出台的《新订爪哇殖民籍新律》的反应 ,通过揭示国籍成为严重社会问题的种种表现 ,来分析在中国近代民族国家转型过程中 ,不同群体民族国家身份认同的多样性和复杂性 ,以及困境的根源 The Qing Dynasty is a crucial period for the Chinese society to transform from the imperial system to the nation-state. In the process, the identities of nation-states of different people are confused. This article focuses on the issue of nationality in the late 1900s and early 2000s, and focuses on the reaction of the Qing Dynasty to the “new law of new clashes in Java” promulgated in 1907 in the Netherlands. It analyzes various manifestations of citizenship becoming a serious social problem In the course of the transformation of the nation-state in modern China, the diversity and complexity of identities of the nation groups of different groups and the root causes of the dilemma