近几年来,国家反复强调要完善企业自我约束机制,但始终未有大的进展。从长远看,明确产权关系,逐步由承包经营责任制向股份制过渡,是一条根本性途径。问题是,这一过渡需要有一个适宜的外部环境,还要经过一段时间的摸索、试点,才有可能全面实行。我认为,当前加快培育企业家阶层,确立国家、企业(实行股份制后,就是股东)、经营者、职工四者利益关系,是加速构造企业自我约束机制的可行办法。(一)确定国家、企业、经营者和职工四者利益关系的新格局。充分发挥经营者在 In recent years, the state has repeatedly emphasized the need to improve the self-discipline mechanism of enterprises, but there has been no major progress. From a long-term perspective, it is a fundamental approach to clarify the relationship of property rights and the gradual transition from the contract responsibility system to the joint-stock system. The problem is that this transition needs to have a suitable external environment. It will take a period of time to explore and experiment before it can be fully implemented. I believe that at present, accelerating the cultivation of the entrepreneurial stratum and establishing the interests of the country, the company (shareholders after the implementation of the shareholding system), the managers, and the employees are the feasible ways to speed up the construction of the self-discipline mechanism. (1) Establish a new pattern of the interests of the four countries, enterprises, operators and employees. Give full play to the operators