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泌尿系统感染(UTI)是儿科常见的感染性疾病之一。新生儿和婴幼儿以全身症状为主,学龄儿童上尿路感染以发热、寒战为主,下尿路感染以尿路刺激症状为主。尿液标本收集以耻骨上膀胱穿刺法最准确,其他方法应注意污染的可能。未离心尿标本的细菌革兰染色镜检有最好的敏感性和特异性;放射性核素肾静态扫描(99Tcm-DMSA)是诊断急性肾盂肾炎及评价有无肾瘢痕形成的金标准。经验应用抗生素多为广谱第二、三代头孢菌素,有药敏者可作为选用抗生素的依据。
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases in pediatrics. Neonates and infants to systemic symptoms, school-age children with upper urinary tract infection with fever, chills, lower urinary tract infection to urinary tract irritation-based. Urine specimens collected to suprapubic bladder puncture the most accurate, other methods should pay attention to the possibility of contamination. Bacterial Gram stain microscopy of non-centrifuged urine specimens has the best sensitivity and specificity; Radionuclide renal static scanning (99Tcm-DMSA) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis and for the evaluation of the presence or absence of renal scarring. Experience in the application of antibiotics and more broad-spectrum second and third generation cephalosporins, drug-susceptible can be used as the basis for the selection of antibiotics.