台奥多尔·冯塔纳是19世纪德国批判现实主义大师。他的小说大多以柏林生活为背景,以普鲁士贵族为主人公,反映19世纪70年代俾斯麦统一德国之后的社会现实。而《艾菲布·里斯特》正是在这样的时代背景下产生的一部社会小说,是他创作的顶峰,也是德国批判现实主义的杰作之一。《艾菲·布里斯特》以艾菲的婚姻为中心,分析那个时代贵族身上所体现的种种虚伪。正是这种普鲁士贵族所具有的虚伪造成了殷士台顿幸福生活的结束,造成了艾菲的毁灭,造成了艾菲父母白发人送黑发人的惨剧。进而批判当时社会的虚伪、陈旧、过时和腐朽的道德观念和冷酷无情,名誉地位至上的本质。在艾菲母亲眼中脾气好、地位高、品行端正的殷士台顿——艾菲的丈夫,是被当时的社会观念禁锢住的一极其虚伪的角色,这点从他刚开始向艾菲提亲就可以看出来。他年轻的时候追求艾菲的母亲,可他当时只是拉特诺的一名小兵,没钱没地位,输给了已是骑士顾问而且有了封地的冯·布里斯特。此 Theodor Fontane was a 19th-century German critical realist. Most of his novels are based on the life of Berlin, with the Prussian aristocracy as their main character, reflecting the social reality after Bismarck unified Germany in the 1870s. It is exactly the social fiction that emerges under the background of such era that “Ephblisiste” is the pinnacle of his creations and one of the masterpieces of German critical realism. Effie Bristol, with Effie’s marriage as the center, analyzes the hypocrisy embodied in aristocracy at that time. It is the hypocrisy of this Prussian aristocracy that ended the happy life of Yinshi Taidun, resulting in the destruction of Effie and the tragedy of sending Effie’s white hair to the black man. And then criticized the social hypocrisy, outdated, obsolete and decadent moral values ​​and the cruel and cruel nature of the supremacy of status. Her husband, who was well-tempered, high-profile and well-behaved, in Effie’s mother’s eyes, was imprisoned by the then social notions as an extremely hypocritical person, from the moment he first introduced himself to Ephrati figure it out. When he was a young man pursuing Effie’s mother, but he was just a small soldier Ratheno, no money no position, lost to Knight Adviser has a fief and Feng Bristol. this