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元代“汉儿言语”是北方阿尔泰语同汉语发生大规模接触而形成的一种蒙汉混合的语言。文章通过对元代汉儿言语中“有”的句法分布、语法意义、语法形式及特殊结构的描写和分析,透视语言接触下的语言演变机制。时制助词的“有”是在以心理认知因素为内在机制的基础上汉蒙两种语言竞争和互补的直接结果,它充分说明语言接触下的语言变异更容易发生在差异明显之处,否定了优势语言同化弱势语言的观点,表明了语言发展过程中异质因素的重要作用和语言发展的例外转变,有助于人们客观评价语言接触对语言发展的作用。
Yuan Dynasty “Han children ’s speech ” is a mixture of Mongolian and Han language formed by the large-scale contact between Altaic language in the north and Chinese. Through the description and analysis of the grammatical distribution, grammatical meaning, grammatical form and special structure of “有 ” in the language of Han children in Yuan Dynasty, the article analyzes the linguistic evolution mechanism under language contact. It is a direct result of the competition and complementarity of the two languages of Han and Meng on the basis of psychological cognition, which fully shows that linguistic variations under language contact are more likely to occur when the difference is obvious , Denied that the dominant language assimilates the weak language, indicating the important role of the heterogeneous factors in the process of language development and the exceptional change of language development, helping people to objectively evaluate the role of language contact in language development.