一、前言从1973年石油危机开始,由于世界性节能和节省资源的要求,汽车构成情况变化很大,提高燃料经济性已经成为汽车发展中的首要研究课题。这种情况在汽车大国(美国)最为明显,要求提高燃料经济性的法规已生效,用户也都想选用燃料经济性良好的小型汽车。由于这个原因,日本生产的小型汽车对美国的出口增加了。但是,美国厂商也正在把通用汽车公司的J轿车,福特汽车公司的“卫士”轿车,克莱斯勒汽车公司的K轿车等小型化的汽车投入市场。预测到1985年前后,汽车将进入全面的 I. Introduction From the beginning of the oil crisis in 1973, due to the requirements of world energy conservation and resource saving, the composition of automobiles has changed greatly. Improving fuel economy has become the primary research topic in automobile development. This is most evident in the major automotive country (the United States), which has mandated that legislation to improve fuel economy is in place and users will want to use smaller cars with good fuel economy. For this reason, Japanese exports of small cars to the United States have increased. However, the U.S. manufacturers are also putting mini-cars such as General Motors J-cars, Ford Motor Company’s “Guardian” cars and Chrysler K-cars on the market. It is predicted that by the year 1985, cars will enter a full range