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[目的]寻求滴灌棉花不同生育期N、P肥配比的最佳施肥方案。[方法]在有机质含量较低、肥力中下、有效氮较贫的新疆垦区土壤上,应用6因子2次正交旋转组合设计,研究滴灌条件下随水施肥棉花不同生育期(苗蕾期、花铃前期、花铃后期)养分需求规律、N和P肥的最佳用量。[结果]在该试验土壤条件下,棉花各生育期施氮肥对棉花的增产效果非常明显,而磷肥仅在吸收较强的花铃后期表现出一定的增产作用。籽棉产量高于4 500 kg/hm~2的各生育期N、P配比的优化施肥方案依次是:苗蕾期氮(N_2)90.93～97.44kg/hm~2,磷(P_2O_5)15.53～19.44 kg/hm~2;花铃前期氮(N_2)163.31～168.08 kg/hm~2,磷(P_2O_5)27.84～30.77 kg/hm~2;花铃后期氮(N_2)41.37～45.71 kg/hm~2,磷(P_2O_5)66.96～72.65 kg/hm~2。[结论]该研究为确定棉花滴灌专用肥的配方及科学施用提供依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to seek the best fertilization plan of drip irrigation cotton with N and P fertilizers in different growth stages. [Method] The orthogonal design of 6 factors and 2 rotations was applied to the soil of Xinjiang reclamation area with lower organic matter content, lower fertility and lower available nitrogen. The effects of fertigation on the growth and development of cotton under different drip irrigation conditions (seedling stage, Early flower ring, late flower) nutrient demand patterns, N and P fertilizer the best dosage. [Result] Under the test soil conditions, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton yield was very obvious at different growth stages of cotton. However, the yield of phosphorus fertilizer increased only at the late stage of the flower. The optimized fertilization schemes with N and P ratios of seed cotton yield of more than 4 500 kg / hm ~ 2 were as follows: nitrogen (N_2) 90.93 ~ 97.44kg / hm ~ 2, P_2O_5 15.53 ~ 19.44 kg / hm ~ 2, N (subscript 163.31 ~ 168.08 kg / hm ~ 2), P (P_2O_5) 27.84 ~ 30.77 kg / hm ~ 2 in the early stage of bollworm and 41.37 ~ 45.71 kg / hm ~ , Phosphorus (P 2 O 5) 66.96 ~ 72.65 kg / hm ~ 2. [Conclusion] The research provided the basis for determining the formula and scientific application of cotton drip irrigation special fertilizer.