安全壳是核电厂中防止放射性物质外泄的最后一道屏障。为研究安全壳在飞行物撞击下的响应,以CPR1000核电厂安全壳为研究对象,依据弹性力-重力相似律,设计建造了一个几何比尺为1∶20的仿真混凝土安全壳模型。以小型飞机(新舟600)和大型商用飞机(波音737-800)为原型飞行物,在相同相似关系下以刚性物为模型飞行物来模拟飞机撞击安全壳的模型试验,研究安全壳结构在飞机撞击作用下的动力响应、破坏现象和损伤破坏过程。试验结果表明:核电厂安全壳结构在小型飞机撞击作用下会出现局部冲剪破坏,结构能保持弹性完整性;在大型商用飞机的第1次撞击作用下,安全壳会出现大量的宏观裂纹,但整体能保持基本完好,没有出现整体性的破坏和倒塌现象,而在第2次撞击作用下,安全壳则发生倒塌。 Containment is the last barrier in nuclear power plants to prevent the release of radioactive material. In order to study the response of containment under the impact of flying object, a model of concrete containment with a geometrical scale of 1:20 was designed and constructed based on the law of elastic force and gravity similar to the containment of CPR1000 nuclear power plant. Taking the prototype aircraft (Xinzhou 600) and large commercial aircraft (Boeing 737-800) as the prototype flight vehicle, a rigid object is used as the model flight object to simulate the model test of the aircraft crashing the containment under the same similarity relationship. Dynamic response of aircraft under impact, damage and destruction of the damage process. The experimental results show that the containment structure of nuclear power plant will be locally punched and sheared under impact of small aircraft and the structure will maintain its elastic integrity. Under the first impact of large commercial aircraft, a large number of macroscopic cracks will occur in the containment, However, the overall situation remained intact with no overall damage or collapse. In the second collision, the containment collapsed.