目的了解S100A6 mRNA在人急性髓细胞白血病(AML)中的表达及对疗效、预后的影响。方法选取南京医科大学第二附属医院2009年11月—2014年6月收治的初治AML患者42例,另选取健康对照者12例,Real-time PCR检测AML患者治疗前后及对照组骨髓单个核细胞S100A6 mRNA表达,比较AML患者与对照组及AML不同类型间S100A6表达。比较M3、M4、M5患者中治疗有效组与治疗无效组治疗前后S100A6表达差异,复发组与无复发组S100A6表达差异,比较M3、M4、M5患者S100A6高表达组与低表达组间CR1(第一次完全缓解)、CR2(第二次完全缓解)的表达差异、2年总生存率(OS)表达差异及复发率表达差异。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件比较各组间差异。结果 S100A6在M3、M4、M5患者中表达较对照组高(P<0.05),在M1、M2、M6、M7患者中表达较对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M3、M4、M5患者治疗有效组治疗前后S100A6表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗无效组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M3、M4、M5患者2年内复发组治疗前S100A6表达较无复发组高(P<0.05)。S100A6高表达组与低表达组间CR1率、CR2率、2年OS率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M3、M4、M5患者S100A6高表达组较低表达组复发率明显提高(P<0.05)。结论 S100A6在AML患者中的表达与AML分型、疗效及预后相关,可作为白血病疾病诊断分子标志之一。 Objective To investigate the expression of S100A6 mRNA in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on prognosis. Methods Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed AML admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2009 to June 2014 were selected, and 12 healthy controls were selected. Real-time PCR was used to detect the single nucleus of bone marrow of patients with AML before and after treatment Cell S100A6 mRNA expression, compared AML patients with control group and AML different types of S100A6 expression. The difference of S100A6 expression between the treatment-effective group and the treatment-ineffective group before and after treatment was compared between the groups of M3, M4 and M5. The expression of S100A6 in the group of S100A6 high-expression and the low expression of M3, M4 and M5 was compared A complete remission), CR2 (second complete remission), two-year overall survival (OS) difference and recurrence rate difference. The differences between the groups were compared using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Results The expression of S100A6 in M3, M4 and M5 patients was higher than that in control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of S100A6 between M1, M2, M6 and M7 patients (P> 0.05). There were significant differences in the expression of S100A6 in M3, M4 and M5 patients before and after treatment (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in treatment ineffective group (P> 0.05). The expression of S100A6 in M3, M4 and M5 patients before relapse within 2 years was higher than that without relapse (P <0.05). The rates of CR1, CR2 and 2-year OS were not significantly different between S100A6 high expression group and low expression group (P> 0.05). The recurrence rate of M3, M4 and M5 patients with low S100A6 expression was significantly higher (P <0.05). Conclusion The expression of S100A6 in AML patients is related to the classification of AML, efficacy and prognosis, and may be used as one of the molecular markers for the diagnosis of leukemia.