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五十年代以前结核病的治疗主要是空气、休息、营养以及萎陷疗法,治疗效果很差.五十年代后,进入化疗时代,结核病的发病率有了明显下降.抗结核药物对新发现的结核病人,有很好的疗效,能使病人在1～2个星期内减轻或基本消除其传染性.但若治疗方案不当,用药不规律,过早停药,就可使初治失败,成为复治病人.据研究,结核病变中有四种结核菌群:第一种结核菌群是生长繁殖旺盛的菌群,即痰涂片和培养都呈阳性。异烟肼、链霉素、利福平等药能迅速地杀死这部分菌群.第二种菌群是大部分时间处于代谢低下或静止状态,但可发生突然短暂的生长繁殖.第三种菌群处于不良环境,如巨噬细胞内 pH 较低,代谢繁殖缓慢.异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺能消灭第二、三种菌群,但作用较小或缓慢。如用药时间不够长,停止治疗后,这两组菌群成为复发的根源。第四种菌群,菌数甚少,且呈完全静止休眠状态,抗结核药物不起作用,人体免疫力即可控制.
The treatment of tuberculosis before the fifties was mainly air, rest, nutrition and collapse therapy, the treatment effect is very poor .In the fifties, into the era of chemotherapy, the incidence of tuberculosis has dropped significantly.anti-TB drugs on newly discovered tuberculosis Patients, have a good effect, can make the patient in 1 to 2 weeks to reduce or substantially eliminate its contagious, but if the treatment plan is inappropriate, medication is not regular, premature withdrawal, you can make the initial treatment failed to become complex Treatment of patients.According to the study, there are four TB tuberculosis flora: The first tuberculosis flora is a strong growth and reproduction flora, that is sputum smear and culture were positive. Isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and other drugs can quickly kill this part of the flora. The second group is most of the time in a metabolic or quiescent state, but can occur suddenly and transient growth and reproduction. Bacteria are in adverse environment, such as low pH in macrophages, slow metabolism and isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide can eliminate the second and third strains, but the role of small or slow. Such as medication time is not long enough to stop treatment, the two groups of bacteria become the root cause of recurrence. The fourth group of bacteria, very few bacteria, and was completely resting dormant state, anti-TB drugs ineffective, the human immune system can be controlled.