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运用地理信息系统分析软件ARC/INFO 8.01、ARCVIEW 3.2和基于ARC/INFO的FRAGSTATS 3.0软件,处理了1896、1949和1981年黑龙江省森林资源分布图,并用所得到的斑块总面积、平均斑块大小、斑块密度、斑块大小变异系数、平均斑块分数维和平均形状指数对黑龙江省森林景观格局变化和各个斑块类型的变化进行了研究。结果表明,从1896年到1981年黑龙江省森林景观的总面积急剧减少,斑块数量增多,斑块密度加大,平均斑块大小减少,斑块间的毗连程度减弱,但是斑块的形状逐渐趋于相对规则,斑块的边界趋于简单化,所有这些表明森林景观逐渐趋于破碎化,其中以红松的破碎化最为严重。整个森林的景观多样性和景观类型分布的均匀性逐渐降低。造成这一变化的主要原因是由人类的经济活动所引起的,另一个原因是近一个世纪气候变化及其森林群落自身演替所导致的,但是同人类的干扰作用相比,作用很微弱。图3表2参23。
Using the GIS software ARC / INFO 8.01, ARCVIEW 3.2 and FRAGSTATS 3.0 software based on ARC / INFO, the distribution maps of forest resources of Heilongjiang Province in 1896, 1949 and 1981 were processed and the average plaque area, Size, patch density, coefficient of variation of patch size, average patch fraction and mean shape index were used to study the change of forest landscape pattern and the variation of each patch type in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the total area of forest landscape in Heilongjiang Province decreased sharply from 1896 to 1981, the number of patches increased, the patch density increased, the average patch size decreased and the patchiness of patches decreased. However, The tendency to relative rules tends to simplify the boundaries of the patches, all of which indicate that the forest landscape tends to be fragmented, of which the karst fragmentation is the most serious. The uniformity of landscape diversity and landscape type distribution throughout the forest is gradually decreasing. The main reason for this change is caused by the economic activities of mankind. Another reason is the change of climate and the succession of forest communities in the past century, but the effect is weaker than that of human interference. Figure 3 Table 2 Reference 23.