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为了探讨内蒙古阴山北麓地区旱作马铃薯生产中适宜的覆膜种植方式,以克新1号马铃薯品种为试验材料,采用田间小区试验的研究方法,研究了露地平播(CK)、平作行上覆膜种植(PZHS)、双垄全膜覆盖沟播(QFM)、起垄覆膜膜侧种植(QLMC)4种不同覆膜方式和保水剂对旱作马铃薯土壤水热效应及出苗的影响。结果表明,QLMC和PZHS两种覆膜方式有利于升温,而QFM有利于保温,且施用保水剂的昼夜温差较不施保水剂的各处理小。0~10cm土层含水量表现为QFM>QLMC>PZHS>CK,其他土层均表现为QLMC>QFM>PZHS>CK;同种覆膜方式下,0~40cm土层,施保水剂的土壤含水量均高于不施保水剂的土壤含水量,但40cm以下土层呈相反变化。覆膜种植和施保水剂均可提高旱作马铃薯出苗率,缩短出苗时间。相关分析表明,马铃薯出苗率与0~20cm土壤含水量呈极显著正相关关系,与0~20cm土壤温度呈正相关关系。本试验条件下,起垄覆膜膜侧种植可作为旱作马铃薯覆膜栽培中首选的种植方式。
In order to investigate the suitable film-growing methods for dry-land potato production in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia, potato cultivar Ke-Ke-1 was used as test material and field plot test method was used to study the effects of open field planting (CK) Effects of PZHS, QFM, QLMC and water retaining agent on soil water and heat effects and emergence of potato under dry cultivation. The results showed that QLMC and PZHS were better for raising temperature, while QFM was better for keeping temperature, and the temperature difference between day and night was less than that of water-holding agent. QFM> QLMC> PZHS> CK in 0 ~ 10cm soil layer, and QLMC> QFM> PZHS> CK in other soil layers. Soil under 0-40 cm soil layer, The water content was higher than the soil water without the application of water-retaining agent, but the soil under 40 cm showed the opposite change. Film mulching and Shi water agent can improve the germination rate of potato in dry land and shorten the emergence time. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the emergence rate of potato and soil water content of 0-20 cm and a positive correlation with soil temperature of 0-20 cm. Under the conditions of this experiment, the planting on the ridge-coating film side can be used as the preferred planting method in potato cultivation by dry cultivation.