目的了解高温热浪期间宁波市居民中暑发生情况、居民对中暑的风险认知及适应性,为开展健康宣教及制定高温热浪灾害应对措施提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2014年10—11月在宁波市2个县(市)各随机抽取2个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)随机抽取2个居委会(村),每个居委会(村)随机抽取120户进行调查。内容包括调查对象一般情况、中暑情况、中暑风险认知及适应性行为,分析中暑脆弱人群和风险认知情况。结果共调查14岁及以上居民2 767人,2014年7—9月经医院诊断为中暑的发生率为6.3%(174/2 767),自我诊断中暑的发生率为8.9%(247/2 767)。工人、初中文化程度人群的医院诊断中暑发生率较高,分别为7.8%和7.7%;吸烟人群和饮酒人群的医院诊断中暑发生率较高,分别为8.5%和9.1%。专业技术人员自我诊断中暑的发生率最高(13.4%);偶尔参加体育锻炼和经常午睡的居民更倾向于自我诊断中暑,发生率分别为10.6%和11.2%。总分为14分的高温热浪风险认知得分中,平均得分为(8.9±3.0)分,认知程度低(≤8分)的人群中暑发生率较高。调查对象在高温热浪期间采取的适应性行为以尽量减少外出(87.2%)、户外乘凉(78.0%)和改变出行方式(66.4%)为主。结论高温热浪期间宁波市居民中暑发生率较高,需采取综合干预措施,以提高居民高温热浪风险认知水平并及时采取适应性行为。 Objective To understand the occurrence of heat stroke among residents in Ningbo City during high temperature and heat wave, and to understand the residents’ risk cognition and adaptability to heat stroke, and to provide references for carrying out health education and preparing countermeasures for high temperature and heat wave disasters. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted. Two townships (towns) were randomly selected from each of the two counties (cities) in Ningbo City from October to November 2014. Two neighborhood committees (villages) were randomly selected from each township (town) , Each neighborhood (village) randomly selected 120 households for investigation. It includes the general situation of the respondents, the condition of heat stroke, the risk cognition and adaptive behavior of heat stroke, and the analysis of the vulnerable groups and the risk cognition of heat stroke. Results A total of 2 767 residents aged 14 and above were investigated. The rate of hospital-diagnosed heat stroke was 6.3% (174/2 767) in July-September 2014 and 8.9% (247/2 767) in self-diagnosed heat stroke. . Workers and middle school students with a higher prevalence rate of hospital diagnosis of heat stroke accounted for 7.8% and 7.7% respectively, while those who smoked and drunk people had a higher prevalence of hospital diagnosis of heat stroke, 8.5% and 9.1% respectively. The highest rate of self-diagnosis of heat stroke was among professional technicians (13.4%). Residents who occasionally participated in physical exercise and frequent nap often tended to self-diagnose heat stroke, with rates of 10.6% and 11.2% respectively. The mean score of high-temperature heatwave risk score of 14 points was (8.9 ± 3.0) points, and the incidence of heat stroke was high in those with low awareness (≤8 points). The adaptive behaviors of respondents during high temperature heat waves mainly focused on minimizing out-going (87.2%), outdoor showers (78.0%) and changing modes of travel (66.4%). Conclusion The incidence of heat stroke in Ningbo residents during high temperature and heat wave is high, and comprehensive intervention measures need to be taken to improve the cognition level of residents’ risk of high temperature heatwave and timely take adaptive behavior.