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植物对土壤状况的反应并不仅仅表现为根系具有吸收水分和营养元素的能力。植物根系能够感应到土壤的某些不利因素,对枝干发出信号,从而锻炼植株以抵抗退化或严酷的环境。这种信号能影响植株气孔导度、细胞伸长、细胞分裂及叶的出现速度等。对植物生长有重要影响的土壤物理条件包括土壤硬度、容器大小、孔隙大小和土壤干燥度等,在这些条件极端化的情况下,植物往往表现为生长变缓,根、叶等器官形态发生改变。而在某些土壤化学条件不利的情况下,如土壤酸度增加、养分缺乏或发生铝毒时,植物则通过产生根际分泌物、降低生长速率及富集作用等来适应环境,维持生命。了解植物对不良环境的适应机制有利于筛选出具有一定抗性的优良基因类型。
The response of the plant to soil conditions does not simply indicate that the root system has the capacity to absorb moisture and nutrients. Plant roots sense some of the soil’s disadvantages and signal the branches to exercise plants against degenerated or harsh environments. This signal can affect plant stomatal conductance, cell elongation, cell division and leaf emergence speed. Soil physical conditions that have an important effect on plant growth include soil hardness, container size, pore size, and soil dryness. Under these extreme conditions, plants tend to be slow to grow and change in morphology of organs such as roots and leaves . In some adverse soil chemical conditions, such as increased soil acidity, lack of nutrients or the occurrence of aluminum toxicity, plants through the production of rhizosphere secretion, reduce the growth rate and enrichment to adapt to the environment and maintain their lives. Understanding the adaptive mechanism of plants to adverse environment is conducive to the screening of good genotypes with certain resistance.