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目的了解高原地区脑炎脑膜炎症候群病例病原种类及其流行特征。方法收集2010年1月—2011年12月在青海省妇女儿童医院和青海红十字医院就诊的≤14岁脑炎脑膜炎症候群病例基本信息及临床信息,对所有脑脊液标本进行肺炎链球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌等8种细菌的培养鉴定以及乙脑病毒等4种病毒的核酸检测。结果共有254例脑炎脑膜炎病例脑脊液标本进行了实验室检测,共检出阳性菌株21株,细菌检出率为8.27%;以金黄色葡萄球菌、结核杆菌检出率最高,各占整个阳性标本的23.81%;其次为大肠杆菌和隐球菌,各占阳性标本的19.05%;另检出肺炎链球菌和脑膜炎奈瑟球菌,分别占阳性标本的9.52%和4.76%;病毒核酸检测阳性19份,病毒检出率为7.48%,主要为肠道病毒,共15份,占整个阳性标本的78.95%,检出腮腺炎病毒和单纯疱疹病毒核酸阳性各2份,各占阳性标本的10.53%。结论高原地区脑炎脑膜炎症候群仍以细菌感染略占优势,而肠道病毒引起的脑炎也不容忽视。
Objective To understand the etiological species and epidemiological characteristics of encephalitis meningitis syndrome in the plateau area. Methods The basic information and clinical information of cases of encephalitis meningitis ≤14 years were collected from January 2010 to December 2011 in Qinghai Women and Children’s Hospital and Qinghai Red Cross Hospital. All cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, meningitis Neisseria and other 8 kinds of bacteria culture identification and JE virus nucleic acid detection of 4 kinds of viruses. Results A total of 254 cases of cerebrospinal fluid samples of cerebritis in patients with cerebritis were tested in laboratory, a total of 21 positive strains were detected, the detection rate of bacteria was 8.27%. Staphylococcus aureus and tuberculosis were the highest, accounting for the entire positive Followed by Escherichia coli and Cryptococcus, which accounted for 19.05% of the positive specimens, respectively. In addition, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis were detected, accounting for 9.52% and 4.76% of the positive specimens respectively; , The detection rate of the virus was 7.48%, mainly enterovirus, a total of 15, accounting for 78.95% of the positive samples, two positive samples of mumps virus and herpes simplex virus were detected, accounting for 10.53% . Conclusions The encephalitis meningitis syndrome in the plateau still has a slight predominance of bacterial infection, and enterovirus-induced encephalitis should not be overlooked.